You can use this book as a quick reference to quantitative. Geoscientists, engineers, students, and instructors from 57 countries use our training materials. Archie developed his famous equation to calculate, from well log parameters, the water saturation s w of the uninvaded zone in a formation next to a borehole. Archie equation complete formation evaluation for clean lithology using archie other saturation determination equations. The m exponent in carbonate petrophysics r e gene ballay, phd.
The next application of archie s equation is to calculate the resistivity index i r, which can be defined as resistivity partially saturated with oil r t divided by the resistivity of rock when 100% saturated with brine water r o okasha 2015. Formation resistivity factor, f resistivity index, i archie and humble equations to estimate porosity given the formation. Rearrangement of these four equations give the more usual archie water saturation equation this relationship is illustrated below. Pdf petrophysical evaluation and fluid substitution. Theory and practice of measuring reservoir rock and fluid transport properties, third edition includes updated case studies, examples and experiments as well as a new chapter on modeling and simulations. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Archies law the saturation exponent of any given phase can be thought of as formally. By their definition, petrophysics is the study of the physical and chemical properties of rocks and their contained fluids.
In archies original equation, three free parameters,namelya,m,andnneedtobeassignedvalues for a wide range of rocks. Final recommendations, useful tips and best practices. Petrophysics, 2017, 583, june, society of petrophysicists and well log analysts, pp. In petrophysics, archies law relates the insitu electrical conductivity of a sedimentary rock to its porosity and brine saturation. In 1952 archie stated in discussing the petrophysics of limestones, it is necessary to first classify them in a manner to portray as much as possible the essential pore characteristics of a reservoir. The rock itself is considered as a blackbox whose microscopic structure is briefly described as a model sometimes remote from reality. Water saturation is usually calculated from the archie equation or a shale corrected version of it. A new theoretical interpretation of archies saturation. The beginning log analyst or petrophysicist should have little difficulty with the terms and concepts utilized. Here, denotes the porosity, the electrical conductivity of the fluid saturated rock, represents the electrical conductivity of the brine, is the brine saturation, is the cementation exponent of the rock usually in the range 1.
Water saturation from resistivity the archie equation can be used to calculate the water. Petrophysics tool summaries december 17, 2012 1 caliper cali measures. Shaly sand analysis for total porosity systems using waxman smits equation. It is often taken to equal m, but this is not supported by core data in all cases.
The archie equation for clean formation can be expressed as follows. The term petrophysics was coined over 60 years ago by g. One classic example is archies equation, which relates porosity, water saturation, and electrical resistivity. Introduction archie unleashed is an attempt to put the basic log analysis methodology for computing water saturation into a readable reference document. Petrophysical characterization and distribution of remaining mobile oil. Pdf spe177331ms a petrophysical technique to estimate. Archies equation as described earlier can then be used to calculate water saturation. Conductors and nonconductors of electrical current in porous media. Paul glover page 4 we can define a reservoir rock as one that has a porosity and permeability that allows it to contain a. Archie equation petrophysics 6518 words 27 pages introduction archie unleashed is an attempt to put the basic log analysis methodology for computing water saturation into a readable reference document. This is clearly based on a good understanding of the relations between the petrophysical parameters studied and the petrological characteristics of the rock considered. The equations on the following pages convert the measurements commonly made in open uncased boreholes into the formation properties of scientific and economic interest to us. It should be related to petrology much as geophysics is related to geology. Crains petrophysical handbook resistivity concepts.
By combining a bulk volume water calculation derived from the archie equation and a ratio water saturation computation, porosity can be calculated exclusively from resistivity logs. Basic well log analysis second edition download ebook pdf. It concentrates on the tools and techniques in everyday use, and addresses all types of reservoirs, including unconventionals. Latest cased and open hole wireline technologies for oil, water, and gas saturations lance smith, principal petrophysicist schlumberger midland, tx. The archie equation may not apply at low sw values. The charts used to determine r w from this is sp 1 and sp 2 and. It also includes recent advances in wireline logging interpretation methods, effective media models, inversion of resistivity log measurements, dipole acoustic shear and. Determination techniques of archies parameters oxford academic. Advanced petrophysics 06th april 2015 10th april 2015, kuala lumpur, malaysia the basis of the e. As noted in the introduction of the paper, the effort to pick the landmark or the most significant papers in petrophysics was a multiyear multiperson effort, the result of which yielded nineteen papers. Computerready math, realworld examples, and spreadsheet software, backed by 50. Petrophysics is suggested as the term pertaining to the physics of particular rock types, whereas geophysics pertains to the physics of larger rock systems composing the earth. Pdf archies assumption of saturation exponent equal 2 is valid only when the.
Jerry lucia accurate determinations of petrophysical properties in carbonate reservoirs i. Using a set of fixed a, m, and n values for all rock types leads to uncertainty in. Basic well log analysis second edition download ebook. Formation resistivity factor, f resistivity index, i archie and humble equations to. Practical petrophysics looks at both the principles and practice of petrophysics in understanding petroleum reservoirs. Such a methodology has been developed for the fullerton clear fork reservoir. Using the methods already developed, the equation for the resistance of a one meter cube to current flow through two parallel faces can be written. Carbonate reservoir evaluation petrophysics wiley online. The equations, which are known as the archie equations, relate the resistivity of. Electrical properties of reservoir rocks, petrophysics. Theory and practice of measuring reservoir rock and fluid transport properties, fourth edition provides users with tactics that will help them understand rockfluid interaction, a fundamental step that is necessary for all reservoir engineers to grasp in order to achieve the highest reservoir performance the book brings the most comprehensive coverage on the subject matter, and. Ssp klog r mfeq r weq where kis a constant dependent on the temperature. Then, archie s parameters are determined by implementing the conventional method, the cape method and the 3d method. Subsequent developments have mixed empiricism, physics, mathematical.
In the original paper, the samples had water saturation greater than 15%. Geoscientists and engineers taking an interest in petrophysics, are struck by the contrasting treatment of the physics aspects and the geology aspects. Sw water saturation of the uninvaded zone n saturation exponent, which varies from 1. In a carbonate with intergranular or intercrystalline porosity, water saturation calculated using the archie equation is generally reliable. A readers commentary on landmark papers in well logging and.
Archie 1942 foundation of petrophysics archie s saturation equation archie 1950 extends method of reservoir evaluation wyllie et al 1956 acoustic porosity log interpretation wyllie timeaverage equation pickett 1973 resistivityporosity crossplot log interpretation method pickett plot waxman and smits 1968 basis for. R w formation water resistivity at formation temperature. Methods for determining the formation resistivity are discussed, including. Formation factor porosity relationships for sandstones. In petrophysical logging of electrical rock properties there are two main types. Archies equations free download as powerpoint presentation. As much pores present in the rock the travel time will be greater and in less porous rock the travel time will be little. There is need for a term to express the physics of rocks. This case study combines petrophysics and fluid substitution modeling for reservoir characterization of the producing datta formation in the chanda oil field of kohat basin. Petrophysical rock classification in the cotton valley tight.
Petrophysics coupled with rock physics studies are significant in the evaluation of well and field potential, and to construct subsurface models based on rock properties. Archie equation, chemical analysis, spontaneous potential sp curve, and shale properties. The book is divided into two sections of different size. The equations, which are known as the archie equations, relate the resistivity of a formation to the resistivity of the fluids saturating a formation, the porosity of the formation and the fractional degree of saturation of each fluid present.
Download doc principles of mathematical petrophysics hardback. May 27, 2015 practical petrophysics looks at both the principles and practice of petrophysics in understanding petroleum reservoirs. The pioneering work of gus archie moved log interpretation into log analysis with the introduction of the equation that bears his name. Presented at the 21st annual co 2 flooding conference december 1011, 2015 midland, texas. Formation factor porosity relationships for sandstones formation factor porosity relationships for carbonates resistivity index saturation relationships. This geological approach of petrophysics is at the heart of our project.
Essay about archie equation petrophysics 6528 words. Feb 21, 2018 conductors and nonconductors of electrical current in porous media. Print to pdf email progression map browse sessions in this discipline. Petrophysical rock classification in the cotton valley. Because the speed of sound wave in different medium is different. Download doc principles of mathematical petrophysics.
Information theory as a guide to log evaluation without petrophysics paul e. A practical guide steve cannon petrophysics is the science of evaluating the rock and fluid properties of oil, gas and water reservoirs through the acquisition of physical samples, electrical, chemical, nuclear and magnetic data acquired by surface. Crains petrophysical handbook site summary home page. Join them to improve your petrophysical skills and job prospects. Common openhole petrophysics interpretation equations. Resistance of cube of water resistivity of water length area if length and area both equal 1.
Density log neutron log neutron density log combination primary and secondary porosity. This fundamental vision was followed by a carbonate classification system in 1952 in which he commented in discussing the petrophysics of limestones, it is. Powerpoint slides, exercises, and full colour pdf reference. Used by petrophysicists and log analysts in manual interpretation to have a quick look evaluation. Summary archies empirical equation is used extensively to estimate. Archie of the famous archie equation, more of which anon. A geoscientists guide to petrophysics bernard zinszner. Through the sonic log we calculate the porosity of the rock. A readers commentary on landmark papers in well logging. In a carbonate with intergranular or intercrystalline porosity, water saturation calculated using the archie equation is generally.
The hetero geneity of the petrophysical properties of the carbonate core. Dec 05, 2016 the archie equation for clean formation can be expressed as follows. The book provides useful explanations on how to perform fit for purpose interpretations of petrophysical data, with emphasis on what the. Archie equation archie equation is the most famous equation used by petrophysicists to determine the water saturation in the reservoir in hand. The schlumberger log interpretation chartbook was initially developed to correct raw wireline and lwd. Archie 2 houston, texas abstract there is need for a term to express the physics of rocks. The equations, which are known as the archie equations, relate the resistivity of a. Subsequent developments have mixed empiricism, physics, mathematical algorithms, and geological or engineering models as methods applied to petrophysical measurements in boreholes all over the world. The equations on the following pages convert the measurements commonly made in open uncased boreholes into the formation properties of scientific and economic interest to. The equations, which are known as the archie equations, relate the resistivity of a formation to the resistivity of the fluids saturating a formation, the porosity of the formation and the. The 35 most important compulsory, or recommended literature textbook, book resources. The rock physics handbook, 2nd edition, cambridge univ. Log quality control and petrophysics course mobility oil.
Basic petrophysics an intensive 5 day training course this course is designed, developed, and will be delivered under iso quality standards. Carbonate petrophysics course objective integrate across discipline and scale and timeframes wireline and lwd measurements are typically the basis for fi ld d l t d d l tifield development and depletion ultimate objective is an integrated calibrated interpretation of that dataof that data wellbore trajectory and reservoir boundaries. Nov 22, 2011 archie equation archie equation is the most famous equation used by petrophysicists to determine the water saturation in the reservoir in hand. Archie used an n of 2 and the usual range is from 1. The quality of the water saturation values derived from the archie. Basic petrophysics an intensive 5 day training course this course is designed, developed, and will be delivered under iso quality standards 17 may 2018, dubai. Statistical correlations of the formation resistivity factor to several petrophysical parameters, including porosity, tortuosity, cementation factor m, water saturation, and. Get book principles of mathematical petrophysics hardback oxford university press inc, united states, 2014. Petrophysical evaluation and fluid substitution modeling for reservoir depiction of jurassic datta formation in the chanda oil field, khyber pakhtunkhwa, northwest pakistan article pdf available. Five day carbonate petrophysics gus archie introduced the world to the term petrophysics in 1950. Original content in datapages find the book in the aapg store. Subsequent developments have mixed empiricism, physics, mathematical algorithms, and geological or.